Department of Public Health Sciences and Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011 Sep;38(3):425-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.002.
The timing of natural menopause is a clinically important indicator of longevity and risk of morbidity and mortality. Demographic, menstrual, reproductive, familial, genetic, and lifestyle factors seem to be important in this timing. Smoking, lower parity and poor socioeconomic status are associated with earlier menopause. However, a number of relationships have been inconsistent; others remain largely unexplored. Much remains to be learned about factors that affect follicular atresia and the onset and duration of perimenopause and the timing of the natural menopause. Knowledge about these relationships offers women and their health care providers enhanced understanding and choices to deal with menopause.
自然绝经的时间是一个具有临床重要意义的长寿和发病及死亡率的指标。人口统计学、月经、生殖、家族、遗传和生活方式等因素似乎对绝经时间有重要影响。吸烟、低生育力和较差的社会经济地位与绝经提前有关。然而，有许多关系并不一致；其他关系在很大程度上仍未得到探索。关于影响卵泡闭锁以及绝经前期的开始和持续时间以及自然绝经时间的因素，还有很多需要了解。了解这些关系为女性及其医疗保健提供者提供了增强的理解和选择，以应对绝经。
