Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire Santé Publique et Environnement, Paris, France.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 Oct;107(4):303-9. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.07.004. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) has become the most prevalent chronic allergic disorder in childhood, and the role of environment has been questioned, particularly in early life.
To investigate the risk factors for rhinitis symptoms in infants included in the PARIS (Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study) birth cohort.
Infants were invited to participate at age 18 months in a health examination conducted by a pediatrician. Allergic rhinitis was defined as the presence of rhinitis symptoms (runny nose, blocked nose, sneezing in the absence of a cold) combined with biological atopy (elevated total immunoglobulin E [IgE], specific IgE, or eosinophilia) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) as symptoms without biological atopy. Information about indoor exposures and lifestyle was collected during a telephone interview when the child was 1 month of age. Risk factors for AR and NAR were studied by using a polytomous regression model.
The prevalence of AR and NAR was 70/1,850 (3.8%) and 99/1,850 (5.4%), respectively. Allergic rhinitis and NAR did not share similar risk factors. Male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 1.99 [1.19-3.32]), parental history of AR (OR = 1.89 [1.16-3.08]), low socioeconomic class (OR = 2.23 [1.05-4.72] for low vs high level), and the presence of cockroaches in the home (OR = 3.15 [1.67-5.96]) were risk factors for AR. Conversely, the presence of particle-board furniture less than 12 months old in the child's bedroom was associated with an increased risk of NAR (OR = 1.87 [1.21-2.90]).
This study should raise awareness about the impact of indoor exposures, particularly with regard to cockroaches and particle-board furniture, because they could influence the occurrence of noninfectious rhinitis.
变应性鼻炎（AR）已成为儿童中最常见的慢性过敏性疾病，环境的作用受到质疑，尤其是在生命早期。
研究巴黎（污染与哮喘风险：婴儿研究）出生队列中包含的婴儿鼻炎症状的危险因素。
在 18 个月时，邀请婴儿参加儿科医生进行的健康检查。过敏性鼻炎定义为存在鼻炎症状（流鼻涕、鼻塞、打喷嚏而无感冒），同时伴有生物过敏（总免疫球蛋白 E [IgE]、特异性 IgE 或嗜酸性粒细胞增多）和非过敏性鼻炎（NAR）即无生物过敏的症状。在婴儿 1 个月大时通过电话访谈收集室内暴露和生活方式信息。使用多项式回归模型研究 AR 和 NAR 的危险因素。
AR 和 NAR 的患病率分别为 70/1850（3.8%）和 99/1850（5.4%）。AR 和 NAR 没有共同的危险因素。男性（比值比 [OR] = 1.99 [1.19-3.32]）、父母 AR 病史（OR = 1.89 [1.16-3.08]）、低社会经济地位（OR = 2.23 [1.05-4.72]，低 vs 高）和家中有蟑螂（OR = 3.15 [1.67-5.96]）是 AR 的危险因素。相反，儿童卧室中使用不到 12 个月的刨花板家具与 NAR 风险增加相关（OR = 1.87 [1.21-2.90]）。
本研究应提高对室内暴露，特别是蟑螂和刨花板家具影响的认识，因为它们可能影响非传染性鼻炎的发生。
