Mandel I D
J Am Dent Assoc. 1990 Jul;121(1):129-32. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1990.0147.
In the evolution of oral hygiene practices, the toothpick is the progenitor device. Although modern variations are used interdentally, with the current emphasis on plaque control rather than gingival massage and stimulation, the toothpick has been largely superseded by floss, interproximal brushes, and other supplementary aids. The natural hard bristle toothbrush and vigorous scrub brushing popular a generation ago have been replaced by soft bristle nylon brushes and gentler, more defined brushing procedures for plaque removal in the crevicular areas. Quantitative studies support the superiority of the current techniques in maintaining periodontal health with less trauma to the oral tissues.
在口腔卫生实践的发展历程中,牙签是最早出现的工具。尽管现代的牙签变体用于牙间隙清洁,且当前重点在于控制牙菌斑而非牙龈按摩与刺激,但牙签在很大程度上已被牙线、牙间隙刷及其他辅助工具所取代。一代人之前流行的天然硬毛牙刷和大力刷牙方式,如今已被软毛尼龙牙刷以及更温和、更规范的刷牙方法所取代,后者用于清洁龈沟区域的牙菌斑。定量研究表明,当前这些技术在维护牙周健康方面更具优势,同时对口腔组织的损伤更小。