Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Résistance des Plantes aux Bioagresseurs, IRD-CIRAD-UM2, 911 Avenue Agropolis BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
J Biotechnol. 2012 Jun 30;159(4):320-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.020. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
Rice cultivation has drastically increased in Africa over the last decade. During this time, the region has also seen a rise in the incidence of rice bacterial blight caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The disease is expanding to new rice production areas and threatens food security in the region. Yield losses caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae range from 20 to 30% and can be as high as 50% in some areas. Employing resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective way to control this disease. To facilitate development and strategic deployment of rice cultivars with resistance to bacterial blight, biotechnology tools and approaches, including marker-assisted breeding, gene combinations for disease control, and multiplex-PCR for pathogen diagnosis, have been developed. Although these technologies are routinely used elsewhere, their application in Africa remains limited, usually due to high cost and advanced technical skills required. To combat this problem, developers of the technologies at research institutions need to work with farmers from an early stage to create and promote the integration of successful, low cost applications of research biotech products. Here, we review the current knowledge and biotechnologies available to improve bacterial blight control. We will also discuss how to facilitate their application in Africa and delivery to the field.
过去十年，非洲的水稻种植量大幅增加。在此期间，该地区由稻黄单胞菌引起的水稻细菌性条斑病的发病率也有所上升。该疾病正在向新的水稻种植区蔓延，威胁着该地区的粮食安全。稻黄单胞菌 pv. 稻致病变种引起的产量损失范围为 20%至 30%，在某些地区高达 50%。利用抗性品种是控制这种疾病最经济有效的方法。为了促进具有细菌性条斑病抗性的水稻品种的开发和战略部署，已经开发了生物技术工具和方法，包括标记辅助育种、用于疾病控制的基因组合以及用于病原体诊断的多重 PCR。尽管这些技术在其他地方已得到常规应用，但在非洲的应用仍然有限，通常是由于所需的高成本和先进技术技能。为了解决这个问题，研究机构的技术开发者需要从早期阶段与农民合作，创建和推广成功的、低成本的研究生物技术产品应用。在这里，我们回顾了现有的知识和生物技术，以改善对细菌性条斑病的控制。我们还将讨论如何促进它们在非洲的应用和推广到实地。
