Vascular Patterning Laboratory, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Development. 2011 Nov;138(21):4569-83. doi: 10.1242/dev.062323. Epub 2011 Sep 28.
The correct development of blood vessels is crucial for all aspects of tissue growth and physiology in vertebrates. The formation of an elaborate hierarchically branched network of endothelial tubes, through either angiogenesis or vasculogenesis, relies on a series of coordinated morphogenic events, but how individual endothelial cells adopt specific phenotypes and how they coordinate their behaviour during vascular patterning is unclear. Recent progress in our understanding of blood vessel formation has been driven by advanced imaging techniques and detailed analyses that have used a combination of powerful in vitro, in vivo and in silico model systems. Here, we summarise these models and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We then review the different stages of blood vessel development, highlighting the cellular mechanisms and molecular players involved at each step and focusing on cell specification and coordination within the network.
血管的正确发育对于脊椎动物组织生长和生理学的各个方面都至关重要。通过血管生成或血管发生，内皮管的精细分层分支网络的形成依赖于一系列协调的形态发生事件，但单个内皮细胞如何采用特定的表型以及它们在血管模式形成过程中如何协调其行为尚不清楚。对血管形成的理解的最新进展是由先进的成像技术和详细分析推动的，这些技术结合了强大的体外、体内和计算机模拟系统。在这里，我们总结了这些模型，并讨论了它们的优缺点。然后，我们回顾了血管发育的不同阶段，强调了每个步骤中涉及的细胞机制和分子参与者，并重点关注网络中的细胞特化和协调。
