Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Scand J Psychol. 2011 Dec;52(6):560-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00913.x. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
The aims of this study were, first, to re-address the issue of empathy among people with autism conditions; second, to explore the relationships between empathy and values among autistic populations and controls; and third, to explore the capacity for moral agency among those affected by autism. We compared responses of an Asperger group (N = 41) and a control group (N = 139) to measures of self-reported empathy (Davis's IRI) and value priorities (Schwartz's PVQ). Control group results were largely in line with previous studies, such that empathy subscales of perspective taking and empathic concern showed their strongest positive and negative relations to the Schwartz self-transcendence/self-enhancement dimensions. Results for the Asperger group showed that although on the one hand there were self-reported difficulties in perspective taking and the cognitive recognition of affect, and that on the other hand there were less connections between the empathy and value measures, there was nevertheless a comparable prioritization of moral values. Conclusions suggest that different people may acquire moral values through different mechanisms.
本研究的目的首先是重新探讨自闭症人群的同理心问题；其次，探索自闭症人群和对照组之间同理心与价值观之间的关系；最后，探索自闭症对道德代理能力的影响。我们比较了艾斯伯格症组（N=41）和对照组（N=139）在自我报告同理心（戴维斯同理心量表）和价值观优先性（施瓦茨价值观问卷）方面的反应。对照组的结果与之前的研究基本一致，即换位思考和共情关怀的同理心分量表与施瓦茨的自我超越/自我增强维度表现出最强的正相关和负相关。艾斯伯格症组的结果表明，虽然一方面存在换位思考和情感认知方面的自我报告困难，另一方面同理心和价值观测量之间的联系较少，但道德价值观的优先级仍然相当。结论表明，不同的人可能通过不同的机制获得道德价值观。
