Silfver Mia, Helkama Klaus
Department of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Scand J Psychol. 2007 Jun;48(3):239-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00578.x.
The relations of empathy with two measures of guilt were examined in a sample of 13- to 16-year-olds (N= 113). Empathy was measured using Davis's IRI and guilt by Tangney's TOSCA and Hoffman's semi-projective story completion method that includes two different scenarios, guilt over cheating and guilt over inaction. Empathy correlated more strongly with both measures of guilt than the two measures correlated with each other. For boys, cognitive perspective-taking was a stronger predictor for guilt than for girls. Hoffman's guilt over inaction was more strongly associated with empathy measures in girls than in boys, whereas for guilt over cheating the pattern was the opposite. The results indicate that boys and girls may emphasize different aspects of morality.
在一个由13至16岁青少年组成的样本（N = 113）中，研究了共情与两种内疚感测量方法之间的关系。共情采用戴维斯的人际反应指针量表（IRI）进行测量，内疚感则通过唐尼的三成分道德心量表（TOSCA）以及霍夫曼的半投射式故事完成法进行测量，后者包括两种不同情境，即作弊内疚和不作为内疚。与两种内疚感测量方法之间的相互关联相比，共情与这两种内疚感测量方法的关联更为紧密。对于男孩而言，认知观点采择对内疚感的预测作用比对女孩更强。霍夫曼的不作为内疚与女孩的共情测量指标的关联比与男孩的更强，而对于作弊内疚，情况则相反。结果表明，男孩和女孩可能会强调道德的不同方面。
