Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
Rev Neurosci. 2011;22(5):535-49. doi: 10.1515/RNS.2011.044.
Abstract Stress can have a lasting impact on the structure and function of brain circuitry that results in long-lasting changes in the behavior of an organism. Synaptic plasticity is the mechanism by which information is stored and maintained within individual synapses, neurons, and neuronal circuits to guide the behavior of an organism. Although these mechanisms allow the organism to adapt to its constantly evolving environment, not all of these adaptations are beneficial. Under prolonged bouts of physical or psychological stress, these mechanisms become dysregulated, and the connectivity between brain regions becomes unbalanced, resulting in pathological behaviors. In this review, we highlight the effects of stress on the structure and function of neurons within the mesocorticolimbic brain systems known to regulate mood and motivation. We then discuss the implications of these spine adaptations on neuronal activity and pathological behaviors implicated in mood disorders. Finally, we end by discussing recent brain imaging studies in human depression within the context of these basic findings to provide insight into the underlying mechanisms leading to neural dysfunction in depression.
摘要 压力会对大脑回路的结构和功能产生持久影响，导致生物体的行为发生持久变化。突触可塑性是信息在单个突触、神经元和神经元回路中存储和维持的机制，指导生物体的行为。尽管这些机制允许生物体适应不断变化的环境，但并非所有这些适应都是有益的。在长时间的身体或心理压力下，这些机制会失调，大脑区域之间的连接变得不平衡，导致病理性行为。在这篇综述中，我们强调了压力对调节情绪和动机的中边缘皮质边缘系统内神经元的结构和功能的影响。然后，我们讨论了这些脊柱适应性对涉及情绪障碍的神经元活动和病理性行为的影响。最后，我们在这些基本发现的背景下讨论了人类抑郁症的最新脑成像研究，以深入了解导致抑郁症神经功能障碍的潜在机制。
