The Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
Foot Ankle Int. 2011 Jul;32(7):710-6. doi: 10.3113/FAI.2011.0710.
Differences in the location and incidence of lower extremity injuries have been reported between high and low arched individuals. These differences might be related to functional differences between the two foot types. In particular, the characteristics of the medial longitudinal arch may influence foot function. The purpose of this study was to investigate forefoot and rearfoot kinematics as well as tibial shock in participants with both high and low arches.
Fifteen high arched and 15 low arched males were recruited. Tibial acceleration as well as forefoot, rearfoot and shank kinematic data were collected as participants ran at 3.5 m/s wearing gait sandals. Variables of interest included peak tibial acceleration in addition to rearfoot eversion excursion, forefoot eversion excursion, forefoot eversion velocity, forefoot abduction excursion and forefoot abduction velocity. MANOVA and effect sizes were used to investigate kinematic differences between groups.
Multivariate analysis revealed that foot type had an effect on the kinematic variables of interest (p = 0.04). Forefoot abduction excursion (High arched = 4.7 +/- 1.3 degrees, Low arched 3.8 +/- 1.0 degrees) and forefoot abduction velocity (High arched = 96.0 +/- 24.8 degrees/s, Low arched = 69.3 +/- 13.3 degrees/s) were greater in the high arched group. Tibial shock (p = 0.24) and other kinematic variables were similar between groups.
Clear evidence of forefoot and rearfoot motion as a shock attenuation mechanism was not found. Differences in the foot kinematics during early stance were highlighted by a smaller forefoot abduction excursion and reduced forefoot abduction velocity in low arched compared to high arched individuals. It is suggested that low arched feet may have a reduced available range of motion through which the forefoot can pass before reaching the end range of motion point.
Foot kinematics during early stance warrant further investigation to establish a specific link to injury risk.
高足弓和低足弓个体下肢损伤的位置和发生率存在差异。这些差异可能与两种足型的功能差异有关。特别是内侧纵弓的特征可能会影响足的功能。本研究旨在调查高足弓和低足弓个体前足和后足的运动学以及胫骨的冲击。
招募了 15 名高足弓和 15 名低足弓男性。参与者穿着步态凉鞋以 3.5m/s 的速度跑步时，收集胫骨加速度以及前足、后足和小腿的运动学数据。感兴趣的变量包括峰值胫骨加速度以及后足外翻幅度、前足外翻幅度、前足外翻速度、前足外展幅度和前足外展速度。使用多变量分析和效应量来研究组间运动学差异。
多变量分析显示，足型对感兴趣的运动学变量有影响（p=0.04）。高足弓组的前足外展幅度（高足弓=4.7±1.3°，低足弓=3.8±1.0°）和前足外展速度（高足弓=96.0±24.8°/s，低足弓=69.3±13.3°/s）更大。胫骨冲击（p=0.24）和其他运动学变量在组间相似。
没有发现明显的前足和后足运动作为减震机制的证据。与高足弓个体相比，低足弓个体在早期站立时前足外展幅度较小，前足外展速度降低，这突显了足运动学的差异。建议低足弓的足部在达到终末运动范围点之前，前足通过的可用运动范围可能较小。
早期站立时的足部运动学值得进一步研究，以确定与受伤风险的具体联系。
