School of Specialization in Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2011 Oct;35(5):434-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00758.x.
To investigate the associations between generational status, acculturation and substance use among immigrant and non-immigrant secondary school students in New Zealand.
A nationally representative sample of secondary school students in New Zealand was selected using a two-stage cluster sample design. Of the 8,999 students in the sample, 23.81% were first-generation immigrants and 20.90% were second-generation immigrants; the remaining 55.29% students are collectively referred to as 'non-immigrant' peers. Logistic regression models adjusted the associations of interest for age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and experience of ethnic discrimination.
First and second-generation immigrants showed significantly lower risks of smoking cigarettes compared with their non-immigrant peers. Similar trends were apparent for consuming alcohol and marijuana weekly. The inclusion of some characteristics suggestive of acculturation in multivariable models did not influence the relationship between generational status and smoking cigarettes, but attenuated the apparent protective effect of being a first-generation immigrant with regard to alcohol and marijuana use.
The study shows the lower likelihood of substance use among newer immigrants in a nationally representative sample of New Zealand youth. Policies and health programs that build on this positive profile and reduce the risk of adverse changes over time require attention.
调查新西兰中学生的代际地位、文化适应与物质使用之间的关系。
采用两阶段聚类样本设计，从新西兰的中学生中抽取具有全国代表性的样本。在该样本中的 8999 名学生中，23.81%是第一代移民，20.90%是第二代移民；其余 55.29%的学生统称为“非移民”同龄人。使用逻辑回归模型对年龄、性别、族裔、社会经济地位和种族歧视经历等因素进行调整，以分析感兴趣的关联。
第一代和第二代移民吸烟的风险明显低于非移民同龄人。每周饮酒和吸食大麻的情况也呈现出类似的趋势。在多变量模型中纳入一些提示文化适应的特征，并没有影响代际地位与吸烟之间的关系，但减弱了第一代移民在饮酒和吸食大麻方面的明显保护作用。
本研究在新西兰青年的全国代表性样本中表明，新移民物质使用的可能性较低。需要关注那些基于这一积极特征制定的政策和健康计划，以减少随着时间推移而产生的不利变化的风险。
