Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2011 Oct;130(4):1856-67. doi: 10.1121/1.3624816.
Acoustic methods are applied to the investigation and monitoring of a vigorous hydrothermal plume within the Main Endeavor vent field at the Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Forward propagation and scattering from suspended particulates using Rayleigh scattering theory is shown to be negligible (log-amplitude variance σ(χ) (2)10(-7)) compared to turbulence induced by temperature fluctuations (σ(χ) (2)0.1). The backscattering from turbulence is then quantified using the forward scattering derived turbulence level, which gives a volume backscattering strength of s(V)=6.5 × 10(-8) m(-1). The volume backscattering cross section from particulates can range from s(V)=3.3 × 10(-6) to 7.2 × 10(-10) m(-1) depending on the particle size. These results show that forward scatter acoustic methods in hydrothermal vent applications can be used to quantify turbulence and its effect on backscatter measurements, which can be a dominant factor depending on the particle size and its location within the plume.
声学方法被应用于调查和监测 Juan de Fuca 脊 Endeavor 段 Main Endeavor 喷口场中一个强烈的热液羽流。与由温度波动引起的湍流（σ(χ) (2)0.1）相比，悬浮颗粒的前向传播和瑞利散射理论的散射可忽略不计（对数幅度方差σ(χ) (2)10(-7)）。然后使用推导的前向散射湍流水平来量化湍流的反向散射，这给出了体积反向散射强度 s(V)=6.5 × 10(-8) m(-1)。颗粒的体积反向散射截面可以在 s(V)=3.3 × 10(-6) 到 7.2 × 10(-10) m(-1) 之间变化，具体取决于颗粒大小。这些结果表明，在热液喷口应用中，前向散射声学方法可用于量化湍流及其对反向散射测量的影响，这取决于颗粒大小及其在羽流中的位置，可能是一个主要因素。
