Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos, Carretera Castillo de Jagua, Cienfuegos, CITMA-Cienfuegos, Cuba.
J Hazard Mater. 2011 Nov 30;196:402-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.037. Epub 2011 Sep 16.
Since 1998 the highly polluted Havana Bay ecosystem has been the subject of a mitigation program. In order to determine whether pollution-reduction strategies were effective, we have evaluated the historical trends of pollution recorded in sediments of the Bay. A sediment core was dated radiometrically using natural and artificial fallout radionuclides. An irregularity in the (210)Pb record was caused by an episode of accelerated sedimentation. This episode was dated to occur in 1982, a year coincident with the heaviest rains reported in Havana over the XX century. Peaks of mass accumulation rates (MAR) were associated with hurricanes and intensive rains. In the past 60 years, these maxima are related to strong El Niño periods, which are known to increase rainfall in the north Caribbean region. We observed a steady increase of pollution (mainly Pb, Zn, Sn, and Hg) since the beginning of the century to the mid 90 s, with enrichment factors as high as 6. MAR and pollution decreased rapidly after the mid 90 s, although some trace metal levels remain high. This reduction was due to the integrated coastal zone management program introduced in the late 90 s, which dismissed catchment erosion and pollution.
自 1998 年以来，高度污染的哈瓦那湾生态系统一直是一项缓解计划的主题。为了确定减少污染的策略是否有效，我们评估了海湾沉积物中记录的污染历史趋势。使用天然和人工放射性核素对沉积物岩芯进行了放射性测年。（210）Pb 记录中的不规则性是由加速沉降事件引起的。该事件发生在 1982 年，这一年与哈瓦那市在 XX 世纪报告的降雨量最大的一年相吻合。质量积累率（MAR）的峰值与飓风和强降雨有关。在过去的 60 年里，这些最大值与强厄尔尼诺现象有关，已知厄尔尼诺现象会增加北加勒比地区的降雨量。自本世纪初到 90 年代中期，我们观察到污染（主要是 Pb、Zn、Sn 和 Hg）稳步增加，富集因子高达 6。90 年代中期以后，MAR 和污染迅速减少，尽管一些痕量金属水平仍然很高。这种减少归因于 90 年代后期推出的综合沿海区管理计划，该计划消除了集水区的侵蚀和污染。
