Pilon fractures: advances in surgical management.

Pilon fractures are challenging to manage because of the complexity of the injury pattern and the risk of significant complications. Variables such as fracture pattern, soft-tissue injury, and preexisting patient factors can lead to unpredictable outcomes. Avoiding complications associated with the soft-tissue envelope is paramount to optimizing outcomes. In persons with soft-tissue compromise, the use of temporary external fixation and staged management is helpful in reducing further injury and complications. Evidence in support of new surgical approaches and minimally invasive techniques is incomplete. Soft-tissue management, such as negative-pressure dressings, may be helpful in preventing complications.