Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2011 Dec 12;169(2):59-79. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.08.004. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
The size, shape and controlled dispersity of nanoparticles play a vital role in determining the physical, chemical, optical and electronic properties attributing its applications in environmental, biotechnological and biomedical fields. Various physical and chemical processes have been exploited in the synthesis of several inorganic metal nanoparticles by wet and dry approaches viz., ultraviolet irradiation, aerosol technologies, lithography, laser ablation, ultrasonic fields, and photochemical reduction techniques. However, these methodologies remain expensive and involve the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is a growing concern for the development of alternative environment friendly and sustainable methods. Increasing awareness towards green chemistry and biological processes has led to a necessity to develop simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly procedures. Phototrophic eukaryotes such as plants, algae, and diatoms and heterotrophic human cell lines and some biocompatible agents have been reported to synthesize greener nanoparticles like cobalt, copper, silver, gold, bimetallic alloys, silica, palladium, platinum, iridium, magnetite and quantum dots. Owing to the diversity and sustainability, the use of phototrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes and biocompatible agents for the synthesis of nanomaterials is yet to be fully explored. This review describes the recent advancements in the green synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles by plants, aquatic autotrophs, human cell lines, biocompatible agents and biomolecules.
纳米粒子的尺寸、形状和可控分散性在决定其物理、化学、光学和电子特性方面起着至关重要的作用，这使其在环境、生物技术和生物医学领域的应用中具有重要意义。已经开发了各种物理和化学过程来合成各种无机金属纳米粒子，包括湿法和干法途径，如紫外线照射、气溶胶技术、光刻、激光烧蚀、超声场和光化学还原技术。然而，这些方法仍然很昂贵，并且涉及使用危险化学品。因此，人们越来越关注开发替代的环保和可持续方法。对绿色化学和生物过程的认识不断提高，导致人们需要开发简单、经济高效和环保的方法。光养真核生物，如植物、藻类和硅藻，以及异养人类细胞系和一些生物相容性试剂，已被报道可用于合成更环保的纳米粒子，如钴、铜、银、金、双金属合金、二氧化硅、钯、铂、铱、磁铁矿和量子点。由于多样性和可持续性，光养真核生物和异养人类细胞系以及生物相容性试剂在纳米材料合成中的应用还有待充分探索。本文综述了近年来植物、水生自养生物、人类细胞系、生物相容性试剂和生物分子在金属纳米粒子的绿色合成和应用方面的最新进展。
