Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2012 Apr;23(2):236-42. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.005. Epub 2011 Oct 5.
Naturally occurring soil microbes may be used as inoculants to maintain crop yields despite decreased resource (water and nutrient) inputs. Plant symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi alter root aquaporin gene expression and greatly increase the surface area over which plant root systems take up water and nutrients. Soil bacteria on the root surface alter root phytohormone status thereby increasing growth, and can make nutrients more available to the plant. Combining different classes of soil organism within one inoculant can potentially take advantage of multiple plant growth-promoting mechanisms, but biological interactions between inoculant constituents and the plant are difficult to predict. Whether the yield benefits of such inocula allow modified nutrient and water management continues to challenge crop biotechnologists.
自然存在的土壤微生物可用作接种物，以维持作物产量，尽管资源（水和养分）投入减少。植物与菌根真菌的共生关系改变了根水通道蛋白基因的表达，并大大增加了植物根系吸收水和养分的表面积。根表面的土壤细菌改变了植物根的植物激素状态，从而促进了生长，并可以使植物更容易获得营养物质。在一个接种物中结合不同类别的土壤生物，可能利用多种促进植物生长的机制，但接种物成分与植物之间的生物相互作用是难以预测的。这些接种物是否能带来产量的好处，从而改变养分和水分管理，这仍然是作物生物技术人员面临的挑战。
