Wild Geoff, Pizzari Tommaso, West Stuart A
Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
Theor Popul Biol. 2011 Dec;80(4):298-316. doi: 10.1016/j.tpb.2011.09.002. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
In recent years, there has been increasing theoretical and empirical examination of how sexual conflict can arise between males and females. However, much this work has implicitly assumed that interactions take place in panmictic populations with complete dispersal, where interactions are between unrelated individuals. Here, we examine the consequences of limited dispersal and population structure for the evolution of a male phenotype that is associated with the males pre- and post-copulatory reproductive success, using an inclusive-fitness based analysis applied to group-structured populations. We show that: (i) the sex-specific timing of the dispersal phase of the life cycle can drive the evolution of sexual conflict; (ii) the inclusive fitness of a female in this conflict is determined solely by direct (i.e. personal) effects on its own competitive ability. Our analysis is supported by results from individual-based simulations of multi-level selection. Our results support the suggestion that kin selection can influence the evolution of sexual conflict, but reveal that such a role might be more complex than previously appreciated when sex-specific life histories are taken into consideration. We discuss the implications of our results for sexual conflict in various species of insects, but focus primarily on dipteran flies of the family Sepsidae.
近年来，关于雄性和雌性之间如何产生性冲突的理论和实证研究日益增多。然而，这项工作大多隐含地假设，相互作用发生在具有完全扩散的随机交配种群中，即相互作用发生在无亲缘关系的个体之间。在这里，我们使用基于广义适合度的分析方法，研究了有限扩散和种群结构对与雄性交配前和交配后繁殖成功相关的雄性表型进化的影响，该分析方法应用于群体结构种群。我们发现：（i）生命周期扩散阶段的性别特异性时间安排可以推动性冲突的进化；（ii）在此冲突中，雌性的广义适合度仅由其自身竞争能力的直接（即个体）效应决定。我们的分析得到了基于个体的多层次选择模拟结果的支持。我们的结果支持亲缘选择可以影响性冲突进化的观点，但也表明，当考虑到性别特异性生活史时，这种作用可能比之前认为的更为复杂。我们讨论了我们的结果对各种昆虫性冲突的影响，但主要关注粪蝇科的双翅目苍蝇。
