Clinical effects of the 5-HT1A partial agonists in depression: a composite analysis of buspirone in the treatment of depression.

The azapirone class of anxiolytic drugs is being evaluated for clinical use in the treatment of depression. Buspirone, a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) partial agonist active at the 5-HT1A receptor subtype, was evaluated in the treatment of depression in a series of five placebo-controlled, parallel group studies involving 382 patients with DSM-III major depression and significant associated anxiety symptoms (both Hamilton depression [HAM-D] and Hamilton anxiety [HAM-A] scales greater than or equal to 18). Buspirone therapy was initiated at 15 mg/day with individual dose titration to a maximum of 90 mg/day and resulted in marked improvement in both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Analyses of the composite data base from the five studies show significant (p less than 0.05) improvement in mean HAM-D, HAM-A, and Clinical Global Impression-Global Improvement scale ratings for buspirone-treated compared with placebo-treated patients. Of particular interest was significant improvement in cardinal depression symptoms, e.g., depressed mood, guilt, work and interest, anergia, and diurnal variation of mood. Subset analyses revealed that patients with melancholic-type major depression and patients with more severe symptoms (judged by higher initial HAM-D or HAM-A total scores) responded better to buspirone than did patients who were less ill. The buspirone dose most frequently associated with clinically significant improvement was 40 mg/day. Gepirone, an analogue of buspirone with highly selective binding affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor subtype, also shows promise of antidepressant efficacy in preliminary controlled clinical trials. These data suggest that azapirones, which as partial agonists modulate 5-HT1A receptor function, have clinically important antidepressant properties.