Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012 Feb;64(2):179-89. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.009. Epub 2011 Sep 29.
Nanoparticles are efficient to safely deliver therapeutic and imaging contrast agents to tumors for cancer diagnostic and therapy, if they can escape the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and accumulate in tumors either passively due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or actively via a specific ligand. The main hallmark of nanoparticles is their large surface areas, which, depending of their chemical compositions, surface coatings, electric charges, sizes and shapes, will generate complex, extremely dynamic and continuous interactions and exchanges between the nanoparticles and the different molecules present in the blood. Special attention will be paid to explain how the nanoparticles were improved step by step in order to adapt our increasing knowledge on their biophysics. In particular, we will discuss the influence of PEGylation, the difficulties to generate actively targeted particles and finally the actual trends in the manufacturing of "third-generation" smart particles.
纳米颗粒如果能够逃避网状内皮系统 (RES)，并通过增强的通透性和保留 (EPR) 效应被动积累或通过特定配体主动积累在肿瘤中，那么它们将有效地将治疗和成像对比剂递送到肿瘤中，用于癌症诊断和治疗。纳米颗粒的主要特点是其大的表面积，根据其化学成分、表面涂层、电荷、大小和形状，将在纳米颗粒和血液中存在的不同分子之间产生复杂、极其动态和连续的相互作用和交换。我们将特别关注解释纳米颗粒如何逐步改进，以适应我们对其生物物理学的不断增加的了解。特别是，我们将讨论聚乙二醇化的影响，生成主动靶向颗粒的困难，以及“第三代”智能颗粒制造的实际趋势。
