College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Ecol Lett. 2011 Dec;14(12):1288-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01696.x. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
Predator-prey interactions are a primary structuring force vital to the resilience of marine communities and sustainability of the world's oceans. Human influences on marine ecosystems mediate changes in species interactions. This generality is evinced by the cascading effects of overharvesting top predators on the structure and function of marine ecosystems. It follows that ecological forecasting, ecosystem management, and marine spatial planning require a better understanding of food web relationships. Characterising and scaling predator-prey interactions for use in tactical and strategic tools (i.e. multi-species management and ecosystem models) are paramount in this effort. Here, we explore what issues are involved and must be considered to advance the use of predator-prey theory in the context of marine fisheries science. We address pertinent contemporary ecological issues including (1) the approaches and complexities of evaluating predator responses in marine systems; (2) the 'scaling up' of predator-prey interactions to the population, community, and ecosystem level; (3) the role of predator-prey theory in contemporary fisheries and ecosystem modelling approaches; and (4) directions for the future. Our intent is to point out needed research directions that will improve our understanding of predator-prey interactions in the context of the sustainable marine fisheries and ecosystem management.
捕食者-猎物相互作用是海洋生物群落恢复力和全球海洋可持续性的关键结构力量。人类对海洋生态系统的影响调节了物种相互作用的变化。这种普遍性体现在过度捕捞顶级捕食者对海洋生态系统结构和功能的级联效应上。因此，生态预测、生态系统管理和海洋空间规划需要更好地了解食物网关系。描述和扩展捕食者-猎物相互作用，以便在战术和战略工具（即多物种管理和生态系统模型）中使用，对于这项工作至关重要。在这里，我们探讨了在海洋渔业科学背景下推进捕食者-猎物理论应用所涉及的问题和必须考虑的因素。我们解决了一些当前的生态问题，包括：（1）评估海洋系统中捕食者反应的方法和复杂性；（2）将捕食者-猎物相互作用扩展到种群、群落和生态系统水平；（3）捕食者-猎物理论在当代渔业和生态系统建模方法中的作用；以及（4）未来的方向。我们的目的是指出需要研究的方向，以提高我们在可持续海洋渔业和生态系统管理背景下对捕食者-猎物相互作用的理解。
