Volsky D J
Molecular Virology Laboratory, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, N.Y.
Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;343:179-98.
HIV-1, the primary etiologic agent of AIDS, is a non-transforming human retrovirus which shares many physical and functional characteristics with viruses from the lentivirus family. One of these characteristics is that HIV-1 infection has profound cytopathic effects on host cells. Studies by the membrane fluorescence dequenching (DQ) method using HIV-1 virions labeled with octadecylrhodamine B-chloride (R-18) have shown that HIV-1 enters host cells by a process of fusion between viral envelope and target cell plasma membrane. The parameters of HIV-1-cell fusion are similar to those established for paramyxoviruses and other enveloped fusogenic viruses. HIV-1-cell fusion requires the presence of surface CD4 receptors on human T cell and monocytes, but not on human glial and neuronal cells. It is proposed that cell surface effects of HIV-1 due to the interaction between HIV-1 fusion glycoproteins and membrane receptors are major contributors to the cytopathic and pathogenic function of this virus.
HIV-1是艾滋病的主要病原体，是一种非转化型人类逆转录病毒，与慢病毒家族的病毒具有许多物理和功能特征。其中一个特征是HIV-1感染对宿主细胞具有深远的细胞病变效应。使用用氯化十八烷基罗丹明B（R-18）标记的HIV-1病毒粒子通过膜荧光猝灭（DQ）方法进行的研究表明，HIV-1通过病毒包膜与靶细胞质膜之间的融合过程进入宿主细胞。HIV-1与细胞融合的参数与副粘病毒和其他包膜融合病毒所确定的参数相似。HIV-1与细胞融合需要人T细胞和单核细胞表面存在CD4受体，但人神经胶质细胞和神经元细胞则不需要。有人提出，由于HIV-1融合糖蛋白与膜受体之间的相互作用，HIV-1对细胞表面的影响是该病毒细胞病变和致病功能的主要因素。
