Women and Newborns Program, Intermountain Healthcare, Ogden, UT 84403, USA.
Neonatology. 2011;100(3):311-8. doi: 10.1159/000329925. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
Platelet transfusions were introduced into clinical medicine about 60 years ago when they were shown to reduce the mortality rate of patients with leukemia who were bleeding secondary to hyporegenerative thrombocytopenia. In modern neonatology units, platelet transfusions are integral and indeed lifesaving for some neonates. However, the great majority of platelet transfusions currently administered in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are not given in the original paradigm to treat thrombocytopenic hemorrhage, but instead are administered prophylactically with the hope that they will reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding. Weighing the risks and benefits of platelet transfusion, although imprecise, should be attempted each time a platelet transfusion is ordered. Adopting guidelines specific for platelet transfusion will improve consistency of care and will also generally reduce transfusion usage, thereby reducing costs and conserving valuable blood bank resources. Initiating specific programs to improve compliance with transfusion guidelines can further improve NICU transfusion practice.
血小板输注大约在 60 年前被引入临床医学，当时的研究表明，它可以降低因再生性血小板减少导致出血的白血病患者的死亡率。在现代新生儿科病房中，血小板输注对于一些新生儿来说是不可或缺的，甚至可以说是救命的。然而，目前在新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）中进行的大多数血小板输注并不是按照原始方案用于治疗血小板减少性出血，而是预防性输注，希望可以降低自发性出血的风险。尽管每次进行血小板输注时都要权衡利弊，但这一做法应该被尝试。采用专门针对血小板输注的指南，将改善护理的一致性，通常也会减少输血的使用，从而降低成本并节约宝贵的血库资源。制定提高输血指南遵守率的具体方案，可以进一步改善 NICU 的输血实践。
