Department of Psychology, 400 E. University Way, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2011 Aug;113(1):38-50. doi: 10.2466/03.22.PMS.113.4.38-50.
The current experiment investigated real three-dimensional (3D) objects with regard to performance on a mental rotation task and whether the appearance of sex differences may be mediated by experiences with spatially related activities. 40 men and 40 women were presented with alternating timed trials consisting of real-3D objects or two-dimensional illustrations of 3D objects. Sex differences in spatially related activities did not significantly influence the finding that men outperformed women on mental rotation of either stimulus type. However, on measures related to spatial activities, self-reported proficiency using maps correlated positively with performance only on trials with illustrations whereas self-reported proficiency using GPS correlated negatively with performance regardless of stimulus dimensionality. Findings may be interpreted as suggesting that rotating real-3D objects utilizes distinct but overlapping spatial skills compared to rotating two-dimensional representations of 3D objects, and real-3D objects can enhance mental rotation performance.
当前的实验研究了真实的三维（3D）物体，考察了它们在心理旋转任务中的表现，以及性别的差异是否可能受到与空间相关活动的经验的影响。40 名男性和 40 名女性接受了交替的定时试验，包括真实的 3D 物体或 3D 物体的二维插图。在与空间相关的活动方面，性别的差异并没有显著影响男性在两种刺激类型的心理旋转中表现优于女性的发现。然而，在与空间活动相关的测量中，使用地图的自我报告熟练程度仅与插图试验相关，而使用 GPS 的自我报告熟练程度与刺激的维度无关，与表现呈负相关。研究结果可以解释为，与旋转二维 3D 物体的表示相比，旋转真实的 3D 物体利用了不同但重叠的空间技能，并且真实的 3D 物体可以提高心理旋转的表现。
