Preoperative direct percutaneous embolization of spinal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.

Preoperative direct percutaneous embolization has been very rarely used in hypervascular metastatic spinal tumors to decrease blood loss during the surgery. A patient is presented with solitary spinal metastasis due to renal cell carcinoma who underwent a two-stage spondylectomy. Transarterial tumor embolization with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and liquid coil placement, and percutaneous tumor embolization with PVA particles were used before the first and the second stage, respectively.