Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Science of Motor Education, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Menopause. 2012 Jan;19(1):23-32. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e318223e6b3.
Because physical exercise has been widely used for primary and secondary preventions of cardiometabolic diseases arising with menopause, the aim of our study was to determine whether participation in aerobic physical exercise is linked to the modification of spontaneous physical activity and whether this compensation affects aerobic training-related body adaptations.
Both before and after a 13-week walking training program, 34 postmenopausal women (mean ± SD age, 55.89 ± 3.57 y) were analyzed for lipids, adipokines, glucose, and insulin plasma levels, as well as for body measures, heart rate and blood pressure at rest, maximal aerobic capacity, total daily energy expenditure, mean intensity of daily physical activities, and time and energy spent on physical activities with an intensity of more than three metabolic equivalents.
Aerobic training induced significant reductions in body mass, body mass index, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, basal cardiac double product, plasma glucose, leptin, and resistin. Aerobic fitness, the reserve of the cardiac double product, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity index were significantly improved. Cluster analysis of the variations in the total daily energy expenditure, the mean intensity of daily physical activities, and the time and energy spent on physical activities with an intensity of more than three metabolic equivalents identified two subgroups: one showed reduced spontaneous physical activity (GROUP-), whereas the other did not (GROUP+). The subgroups differed significantly only for plasma lipid variation. GROUP+ showed significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol, whereas GROUP- did not show significantly modified plasma lipids.
In postmenopause, participation in a program of aerobic physical exercise can result in a reduction of spontaneous physical activity, which inhibits the positive effects of the aerobic exercise on plasma lipids and lipoproteins.
由于体力活动已被广泛用于预防与绝经相关的心血管代谢疾病的一、二级预防，我们的研究目的是确定有氧体力活动的参与是否与自发体力活动的改变有关，以及这种代偿是否会影响与有氧训练相关的身体适应性。
在 13 周步行训练计划前后，对 34 名绝经后妇女（平均年龄 ± 标准差，55.89 ± 3.57 岁）进行了血脂、脂肪因子、血糖和胰岛素的血浆水平以及身体测量、静息时心率和血压、最大有氧能力、总日常能量消耗、日常体力活动的平均强度以及花费在强度超过三个代谢当量的体力活动上的时间和能量的分析。
有氧训练显著降低了体重、体重指数、心率、收缩压、基础心脏双乘积、血浆葡萄糖、瘦素和抵抗素。有氧适能、心脏双乘积储备和定量胰岛素敏感性指数均显著改善。总日常能量消耗、日常体力活动平均强度以及强度超过三个代谢当量的体力活动花费的变化的聚类分析确定了两个亚组：一个亚组显示自发体力活动减少（GROUP-），另一个亚组没有（GROUP+）。仅在血脂变化方面，亚组之间存在显著差异。GROUP+ 显著降低了低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总胆固醇，而 GROUP- 则没有显著改变血脂。
在绝经后，参与有氧体力活动计划可能会导致自发体力活动减少，从而抑制有氧运动对血浆脂质和脂蛋白的积极影响。
