Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 Nov;146(3):323-35. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21595. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
A re-examination of primate foot and knee anatomy suggests that strepsirrhine primates (adapiforms and lemuriforms) possess a unique and derived hindlimb related to their use of vertical supports. In contrast, leaping adaptations are older and shared by both major euprimate clades, Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini. Combining this derived hindlimb anatomy with leaping suggests that ancestral strepsirrhines were at least frequent vertical support users and leapers, and perhaps vertical clingers and leapers. These initial strepsirrhine adaptations were preadaptive for later lemuriform vertical clingers and leapers. In contrast, haplorhine vertical clingers and leapers require additional foot and leg modifications to accommodate a vertical clinging and leaping lifestyle. The movement pattern called vertical clinging and leaping evolved independently among different primate lineages throughout primate evolutionary history for several different ecological reasons.
重新审视灵长类动物的足部和膝关节解剖结构表明，树栖灵长类动物（包括眼镜猴和狐猴）拥有一种独特的、特化的后肢，与它们使用垂直支撑物有关。相比之下，跳跃适应是更古老的，并且存在于两个主要的高等灵长类动物分支——原猴亚目和简鼻亚目之中。将这种特化的后肢解剖结构与跳跃结合起来表明，祖先的树栖灵长类动物至少是频繁使用垂直支撑物的跳跃者，可能还是垂直攀爬者和跳跃者。这些最初的树栖灵长类动物的适应是为后来的狐猴型树栖灵长类动物的垂直攀爬和跳跃做准备的。相比之下，简鼻亚目动物的垂直攀爬者和跳跃者需要额外的足部和腿部改造，以适应垂直攀爬和跳跃的生活方式。在灵长类动物的进化历史中，不同的灵长类动物谱系为了几种不同的生态原因，独立进化出了一种被称为垂直攀爬和跳跃的运动模式。
