Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 Nov;146(3):474-80. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21593. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
Uto-Aztecan premolar (UAP) is a rare morphological feature of the maxillary first premolar that occurs in Native American populations with frequencies ranging 0-16.7%. A recent summary of UAP by Delgado-Burbano et al. (2010) suggests the trait evolved around 4,000 BP in the American Southwest where the earliest cases occur and where the trait exists at the highest frequencies among contemporary populations. In this article, we present new data on UAP prevalence from an Archaic North American sample from Buckeye Knoll, Texas (circa 7,500-6,200 cal BP). Buckeye Knoll preserves a single case of UAP, and a sample frequency of 3.6%. In addition, we confirm the presence of UAP in other eastern North American Archaic skeletal samples from the Windover and Harris Creek at Tick Island sites in Florida. We also review the dental morphological literature to assess: 1) whether UAP prevalence is limited to New World populations, and 2) whether the trait's antiquity can be extended further into the Early Holocene Paleoindian period. Additional cases of UAP are presented from the Pacific coast of South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Combined, these data greatly expand the spatial and temporal distribution of UAP and suggest the trait evolved considerably earlier than previously thought.
上颌第一前磨牙的 Uto-Aztecan 前磨牙（UAP）是一种罕见的上颌第一前磨牙形态特征，发生在美洲原住民人群中，频率为 0-16.7%。德尔加多-布尔巴诺等人最近对 UAP 的总结（2010 年）表明，该特征大约在 4000 年前的美国西南部进化而来，最早的病例发生在那里，并且该特征在当代人群中的频率最高。在本文中，我们从来自德克萨斯州的 Buckeye Knoll 的一个古老的北美样本中提供了关于 UAP 患病率的新数据（约公元前 7500-6200 年）。Buckeye Knoll 保存了一个 UAP 的单一病例，样本频率为 3.6%。此外，我们还证实了佛罗里达州 Windover 和 Harris Creek at Tick Island 遗址的其他北美东部古人类骨骼样本中存在 UAP。我们还回顾了牙齿形态学文献，以评估：1）UAP 的患病率是否仅限于新世界人群，以及 2）该特征的古老性是否可以进一步延伸到全新世早期的古印第安人时期。还介绍了来自南美洲、欧洲、亚洲和澳大利亚的太平洋海岸的 UAP 额外病例。综合这些数据，大大扩展了 UAP 的空间和时间分布，并表明该特征的进化时间比之前认为的要早得多。
