Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Viruses. 2009 Dec;1(3):574-593. doi: 10.3390/v1030574. Epub 2009 Oct 28.
Paramyxovirinae, a subfamily of Paramyxoviridae, are negative strand RNA viruses comprised of many important human and animal pathogens, which share a high degree of genetic and structural homology. The accessory proteins expressed from the P/V/C gene are major factors in the pathogenicity of the viruses, because of their ability to abrogate various facets of type I interferon (IFN) induction and signaling. Most of the paramyxoviruses exhibit a commonality in their ability to antagonize innate immunity by blocking IFN induction and the Jak/STAT pathway. However, the manner in which the accessory proteins inhibit the pathway differs among viruses. Similarly, there are variations in the capability of the viruses to counteract intracellular detectors (RNA helicases, mda-5 and RIG-I). Furthermore, a functional specificity in the antagonism of the IFN response has been reported, suggesting that specificity in the circumvention of innate immunity restricts viral host range. Available evidence indicates that paramyxoviruses employ specific strategies to antagonize the IFN response of their specific hosts, which is one of the major factors that determine viral pathogenicity and host range.
副黏病毒科是副黏病毒亚科的一个负链 RNA 病毒家族，包含许多重要的人类和动物病原体，它们具有高度的遗传和结构同源性。从 P/V/C 基因表达的辅助蛋白是病毒致病性的主要因素，因为它们能够消除 I 型干扰素 (IFN) 诱导和信号转导的各个方面。大多数副黏病毒都具有通过阻断 IFN 诱导和 Jak/STAT 途径来拮抗先天免疫的共性。然而，辅助蛋白抑制途径的方式在不同病毒之间有所不同。同样，病毒抑制细胞内探测器（RNA 解旋酶、mda-5 和 RIG-I）的能力也存在差异。此外，还报道了 IFN 反应拮抗作用的功能特异性，表明先天免疫逃避的特异性限制了病毒的宿主范围。现有证据表明，副黏病毒采用特定策略来拮抗其特定宿主的 IFN 反应，这是决定病毒致病性和宿主范围的主要因素之一。
