Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Viruses. 2009 Dec;1(3):895-919. doi: 10.3390/v1030895. Epub 2009 Nov 10.
Defective interfering (DI) RNAs are subviral RNAs produced during multiplication of RNA viruses by the error-prone viral replicase. DI-RNAs are parasitic RNAs that are derived from and associated with the parent virus, taking advantage of viral-coded protein factors for their multiplication. Recent advances in the field of DI RNA biology has led to a greater understanding about generation and evolution of DI-RNAs as well as the mechanism of symptom attenuation. Moreover, DI-RNAs are versatile tools in the hands of virologists and are used as less complex surrogate templates to understand the biology of their helper viruses. The ease of their genetic manipulation has resulted in rapid discoveries on cis-acting RNA replication elements required for replication and recombination. DI-RNAs have been further exploited to discover host factors that modulate Tomato bushy stunt virus replication, as well as viral RNA recombination. This review discusses the current models on generation and evolution of DI-RNAs, the roles of viral and host factors in DI-RNA replication, and the mechanisms of disease attenuation.
缺陷干扰 (DI) RNA 是 RNA 病毒在由易错病毒复制酶复制时产生的亚病毒 RNA。DI-RNA 是寄生 RNA，它们源自与亲本病毒相关联，并利用病毒编码的蛋白因子进行增殖。DI RNA 生物学领域的最新进展使人们对 DI-RNA 的产生和进化以及症状减弱的机制有了更深入的了解。此外，DI-RNAs 是病毒学家手中的多功能工具，可用作更简单的替代模板来了解其辅助病毒的生物学。它们易于进行遗传操作，从而能够快速发现复制和重组所需的顺式作用 RNA 复制元件。DI-RNAs 进一步被利用来发现调节番茄丛矮病毒复制的宿主因子以及病毒 RNA 重组。本文综述了 DI-RNA 的产生和进化的现有模型、病毒和宿主因子在 DI-RNA 复制中的作用以及疾病减弱的机制。
