Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2012 Mar;28(3):307-15. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.07.002. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
We have recently shown that maternal flaxseed supplementation during lactation induces insulin resistance in adult offspring. Here, we studied the effects of maternal dietary flaxseed during lactation on adipocyte morphology and leptin signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis as well as on behavioral traits in the adult progeny.
Lactating rats were fed a control (C) diet or a diet with 25% flaxseed (F). After weaning, pups received a standard diet until postnatal day (PN) 180. Male offspring were killed at PN21 and 180. Data were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Weaned F rats presented a lower total and subcutaneous fat mass and higher subcutaneous adipocyte area (+48%), but at adulthood they presented higher subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte areas (+40% and 1.9-fold increase, respectively), with no change in body fat mass. At PN21, F pups had hyperleptinemia (+69%), lower T(3) (-33%), higher TSH (2.1-fold increase), higher pituitary leptin receptor (Ob-R, +11%), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3, +21%), and phosphorylated-STAT3 (p-STAT3, +77%) protein content. Adult F offspring only showed lower T(4) (-28%) and higher thyroid Ob-R (+52%) expression. Maternal flaxseed intake during lactation did not result in behavioral changes in the adult offspring.
Maternal flaxseed supplementation decreases offspring adiposity and increases pituitary leptin signaling at weaning, but it induces hypertrophic adipocytes and higher thyroid leptin receptor in adulthood. The present data suggest that extensive use of flaxseed during lactation is undesirable.
我们最近发现，哺乳期母亲补充亚麻籽会导致后代成年后出现胰岛素抵抗。在此，我们研究了哺乳期母亲饮食中添加亚麻籽对下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴中脂肪细胞形态和瘦素信号转导的影响，以及对成年后代行为特征的影响。
哺乳期大鼠喂食对照（C）饮食或 25%亚麻籽（F）饮食。断奶后，幼鼠接受标准饮食直至出生后第 180 天。雄性后代在第 21 天和 180 天被处死。数据被认为在 P < 0.05 时有统计学意义。
断奶的 F 组大鼠总脂肪和皮下脂肪质量较低，皮下脂肪细胞面积较大（增加 48%），但成年后，皮下和内脏脂肪细胞面积较大（分别增加 40%和 1.9 倍），体脂肪质量无变化。在第 21 天，F 组幼鼠出现高瘦素血症（增加 69%）、T3 降低（降低 33%）、TSH 升高（增加 2.1 倍）、垂体瘦素受体（Ob-R）增加（增加 11%）、信号转导和转录激活因子 3（STAT3）增加（增加 21%）和磷酸化-STAT3（p-STAT3）增加（增加 77%）。成年 F 组后代仅表现为 T4 降低（降低 28%）和甲状腺 Ob-R 表达增加（增加 52%）。哺乳期母亲摄入亚麻籽不会导致成年后代行为发生变化。
哺乳期母亲补充亚麻籽会降低后代的肥胖程度并增加断奶时垂体的瘦素信号，但会导致成年后脂肪细胞肥大和甲状腺瘦素受体增加。本研究数据表明，哺乳期大量使用亚麻籽是不可取的。
