Li Qing, Kawada Tomoyuki
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Japan.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2011 Sep;66(4):645-50. doi: 10.1265/jjh.66.645.
Traditional thinking considered the nervous system, endocrine system and immune system to be independent of each other. However, it is now widely accepted that these systems interact through the psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune network. The nervous system affects the endocrine and immune systems by releasing neurotransmitters through the hypothalamus in the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation. The endocrine system affects the nervous and immune systems by secreting hormones and the immune system feeds back to the nervous and endocrine systems via cytokines. Forest therapy reduces sympathetic nervous activity, increases parasympathetic nervous activity, and regulates the balance of autonomic nerves. As a result, forest therapy decreases blood pressure and heart rate and has a relaxing effect. Forest therapy affects psychological responses via the brain and nervous system thereby decreasing the scores for anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion, and increasing the score for vigor in the POMS test. Forest therapy acts on the endocrine system to reduce stress hormone levels such as urinary adrenaline, urinary noradrenaline, salivary cortisol, and blood cortisol levels and shows a relaxing effect. Forest therapy also acts directly and indirectly on the immune system to promote NK activity by increasing the number of NK cells and intracellular levels of anticancer proteins such as perforin, granulysin and granzymes. Taken together, forest therapy brings various effects on human health via the psycho-neuro-endocrino-immune network.
传统观念认为神经系统、内分泌系统和免疫系统相互独立。然而，现在人们普遍认为这些系统通过心理-神经-内分泌-免疫网络相互作用。神经系统通过下丘脑-垂体门脉循环中的下丘脑释放神经递质来影响内分泌和免疫系统。内分泌系统通过分泌激素来影响神经和免疫系统，而免疫系统则通过细胞因子反馈给神经和内分泌系统。森林疗法可降低交感神经活动，增加副交感神经活动，并调节自主神经的平衡。因此，森林疗法可降低血压和心率，并具有放松效果。森林疗法通过大脑和神经系统影响心理反应，从而降低POMS测试中的焦虑、抑郁、愤怒、疲劳和困惑得分，并提高活力得分。森林疗法作用于内分泌系统，以降低应激激素水平，如尿肾上腺素、尿去甲肾上腺素、唾液皮质醇和血液皮质醇水平，并显示出放松效果。森林疗法还直接或间接作用于免疫系统，通过增加NK细胞数量和抗癌蛋白（如穿孔素、颗粒溶素和颗粒酶）的细胞内水平来促进NK活性。综上所述，森林疗法通过心理-神经-内分泌-免疫网络对人类健康产生多种影响。
