Gracanin F
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 1978(34):355-68.
In patient with damaged upper motor neurones we show the therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation (called FES) of peripheral mixed nerves on the restoration of motor activity and movements. The results of neurophysiological, kinesiological and clinical observations are presented. We discuss the possible mechanisms, especially the spinal ones, which are fundamental for such a rhythmic activity as gait. We discuss them also from the point of view of activation of proprioceptive feedback mechanisms and of achieved sensory reinforcement influencing the spinal reflex mechanisms as well as the preserved supraspinal integrated activity which contributes to the long-term FES effect. The stimulation modes, the control of stimuli in relation to the needs of individual patients (hemiplegia in adults, paraparesis, cerebral palsy in children and multiple sclerosis) as well as the motor deficit are discussed. We conclude that the electronic system used for this purpose represents a functionally active orthotic aid with therapeutic effects.
在患有上运动神经元损伤的患者中，我们展示了外周混合神经电刺激（称为功能性电刺激，FES）对运动活动和动作恢复的治疗效果。本文呈现了神经生理学、运动学和临床观察结果。我们讨论了可能的机制，尤其是脊髓机制，这些机制对于诸如步态等节律性活动至关重要。我们还从本体感觉反馈机制的激活以及所实现的感觉强化影响脊髓反射机制的角度进行了讨论，同时也涉及了有助于长期功能性电刺激效果的保留的脊髓上整合活动。文中还讨论了刺激模式、根据个体患者需求（成人偏瘫、截瘫、儿童脑瘫和多发性硬化症）以及运动功能障碍来控制刺激。我们得出结论，用于此目的的电子系统代表了一种具有治疗效果的功能性主动矫形辅助器具。
