J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2012 Mar-Apr;23(2):124-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
HIV infection elevates a patient's risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), due in part to direct effects of increased infection-producing inflammation and to drugs used to treat the infection, which can have untoward effects on serum lipid profiles. HIV-infected older adults often present with multiple comorbidities, including CVD, making disease management more challenging. Treatment paradigms are evolving, and nurse practitioners (NPs) are expected to play an ever-larger role in the management of HIV infection. Due to their accessibility and close patient contact, NPs are especially well suited to work with and educate patients to manage multiple risk factors. Appropriate use of primary, secondary, and tertiary CVD prevention strategies, including education to modify lifestyle risks, individualized antiretroviral treatment regimens to achieve serum lipid targets, and use of additional lipid-modifying strategies to minimize a patient's overall CVD risk profile will be important throughout the treatment lifecycle.
HIV 感染会增加患者发生心血管疾病（CVD）的风险，部分原因是感染引起的炎症增加以及用于治疗感染的药物直接产生的影响，这些药物可能对血清脂质谱产生不良影响。感染 HIV 的老年患者常同时患有多种合并症，包括 CVD，这使得疾病管理更加具有挑战性。治疗模式正在不断发展，预计护士从业者（NPs）将在 HIV 感染的管理中发挥越来越大的作用。由于他们的可及性和与患者的密切接触，NPs 特别适合与患者合作并对其进行教育，以管理多种危险因素。在整个治疗过程中，适当使用初级、二级和三级 CVD 预防策略，包括进行生活方式风险因素改变的教育、个体化抗逆转录病毒治疗方案以达到血清脂质目标以及使用其他脂质调节策略来最大限度地降低患者的整体 CVD 风险状况将非常重要。
