Additive diuretic response of concurrent aminophylline and furosemide in children: a case series and a brief literature review.

Aminophylline exerts a renovascular effect, acting by adenosine receptor blockade or type IV phosphodiesterase inhibition. Clinically, these drugs have been used with furosemide to induce diuresis in adults and neonates. However, reports on use of aminophylline in diuretic-dependent children are limited to a few studies. We report a case series of four critically ill children unresponsive to furosemide continuous infusion who were subsequently given aminophylline as an adjunct diuretic in the treatment of fluid overload. No side effects were evident. Administration of aminophylline at low doses (3 mg/kg) successfully promoted increased urine output over the 6-h study period in all four children.