Kravitz Dwight J, Behrmann Marlene
Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2011 Nov;73(8):2434-47. doi: 10.3758/s13414-011-0201-z.
Biased-competition accounts of attentional processing propose that attention arises from distributed interactions within and among different types of perceptual representations (e.g., spatial, featural, and object-based). Although considerable research has examined the facilitation in processing afforded by attending selectively to spatial locations, or to features, or to objects, surprisingly little research has addressed a key prediction of the biased-competition account: that attending to any stimulus should give rise to simultaneous interactions across all the types of perceptual representations encompassed by that stimulus. Here we show that, when an object in a visual display is cued, space-, feature-, and object-based forms of attention interact to enhance processing of that object and to create a scene-wide pattern of attentional facilitation. These results provide evidence to support the biased-competition framework and suggest that attention might be thought of as a mechanism by which multiple, disparate bottom-up, and even top-down, visual perceptual representations are coordinated and preferentially enhanced.
注意力加工的偏向竞争理论认为,注意力源于不同类型感知表征(如空间、特征和基于对象的表征)内部及之间的分布式交互作用。尽管大量研究考察了通过选择性地关注空间位置、特征或对象所带来的加工促进作用,但令人惊讶的是,很少有研究涉及偏向竞争理论的一个关键预测:即关注任何刺激都应引发该刺激所包含的所有类型感知表征之间的同步交互作用。在此我们表明,当视觉显示中的一个对象被提示时,基于空间、特征和对象的注意力形式会相互作用,以增强对该对象的加工,并在整个场景中创建一种注意力促进模式。这些结果为支持偏向竞争框架提供了证据,并表明注意力可能被视为一种机制,通过该机制,多种不同的自下而上甚至自上而下的视觉感知表征得以协调并得到优先增强。