Pediatrics. 2011 Nov;128(5):e1341-67. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2285. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
Despite a major decrease in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) since the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released its recommendation in 1992 that infants be placed for sleep in a nonprone position, this decline has plateaued in recent years. Concurrently, other causes of sudden unexpected infant death occurring during sleep (sleep-related deaths), including suffocation, asphyxia, and entrapment, and ill-defined or unspecified causes of death have increased in incidence, particularly since the AAP published its last statement on SIDS in 2005. It has become increasingly important to address these other causes of sleep-related infant death. Many of the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for SIDS and suffocation are strikingly similar. The AAP, therefore, is expanding its recommendations from being only SIDS-focused to focusing on a safe sleep environment that can reduce the risk of all sleep-related infant deaths including SIDS. The recommendations described in this report include supine positioning, use of a firm sleep surface, breastfeeding, room-sharing without bed-sharing, routine immunization, consideration of a pacifier, and avoidance of soft bedding, overheating, and exposure to tobacco smoke, alcohol, and illicit drugs. The rationale for these recommendations is discussed in detail in this technical report. The recommendations are published in the accompanying "Policy Statement--Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment," which is included in this issue (www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2011-2220).
尽管自美国儿科学会（AAP）于 1992 年发布建议，要求婴儿以非俯卧姿势入睡以来，婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）的发病率已大幅下降，但近年来这一下降趋势已趋于平稳。与此同时，其他在睡眠中发生的婴儿突发意外死亡的原因（与睡眠相关的死亡），包括窒息、缺氧和被困，以及定义不明确或未明确的死亡原因，其发病率也有所增加，尤其是自 AAP 于 2005 年发布最后一份关于 SIDS 的声明以来。因此，解决这些与睡眠相关的婴儿死亡的其他原因变得越来越重要。SIDS 和窒息的许多可改变和不可改变的危险因素非常相似。因此，AAP 将其建议从仅关注 SIDS 扩展到关注安全的睡眠环境，以降低所有与睡眠相关的婴儿死亡（包括 SIDS）的风险。本报告中描述的建议包括仰卧位、使用坚固的睡眠表面、母乳喂养、分房但不同床、常规免疫接种、考虑使用安抚奶嘴，以及避免使用柔软的床上用品、过热和接触烟草烟雾、酒精和非法药物。本技术报告详细讨论了这些建议的依据。这些建议发表在随附的“政策声明——婴儿猝死综合征和其他与睡眠相关的婴儿死亡：安全婴儿睡眠环境建议的扩展”中，该声明包含在本期（www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2011-2220）中。
