Department of Urology, Ohguchi Higashi Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
J Endourol. 2012 Feb;26(2):178-82. doi: 10.1089/end.2011.0385. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
Ureteral stents are a fundamental part of many urologic procedures. Serious complications, including migration, fragmentation, and stone formation, still occur, especially when stents have been forgotten for a long time. No widespread consensus for the type or indwelling time to avoid ureteral stent complications has been reached, however. We investigated the correlation between the indwelling time and encrustation, incrustation, coloration, and resistance to removal.
A total of 330 ureteral stents in 181 patients were examined.
Overall, 155 (47.0%) stents were encrusted, and the encrustation rate was 26.8% at less than 6 weeks, 56.9% at 6 to 12 weeks, and 75.9% at more than 12 weeks. A total of 46 (13.9%) stents resisted removal, and 3 of these could not be removed by cystoscopy. The median indwelling time was 72 (14-124) days for stents that resisted removal and 31 (30-60) days for irremovable stents. The frequency of encrustation with coloration was higher than that without coloration in the period of less than 6 weeks and the period between 6 to 12 weeks of indwelling time.
In our study, although ureteral stent encrustation was related to the indwelling time, heavily encrusted ureteral stents necessitating additional procedures for removal occurred within an indwelling time of 3 months. The exact interval for removal of an indwelling ureteral stent to avoid additional procedures for removal is therefore difficult to determine.
输尿管支架是许多泌尿科手术的重要组成部分。尽管已经采取了预防措施，但仍会发生严重并发症，包括迁移、碎裂和结石形成，尤其是当支架被遗忘很长时间时。然而，尚未达成避免输尿管支架并发症的类型或留置时间的广泛共识。我们研究了留置时间与结石形成、结石形成、变色和取出阻力之间的相关性。
共检查了 181 例患者的 330 个输尿管支架。
总体而言，155 个（47.0%）支架有结石形成，留置时间小于 6 周的结石形成率为 26.8%，6 至 12 周的结石形成率为 56.9%，超过 12 周的结石形成率为 75.9%。共有 46 个（13.9%）支架难以取出，其中 3 个无法通过膀胱镜取出。难以取出的支架的中位留置时间为 72（14-124）天，不可取出的支架的留置时间为 31（30-60）天。在留置时间小于 6 周和 6 至 12 周期间，有颜色的结石形成比无颜色的结石形成更常见。
在我们的研究中，尽管输尿管支架结石形成与留置时间有关，但在 3 个月的留置时间内，需要额外程序才能取出严重结石形成的输尿管支架。因此，很难确定避免额外取出程序的留置输尿管支架的具体间隔时间。
