Simforoosh Nasser, Khazaeli Mahziar, Nouralizadeh Akbar, Soltani Mohammad Hossein, Samzadeh Mohammad, Saffarian Omid, Rahmani Jalaleddin
Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, M.C., Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2011 Dec;21(10):929-33. doi: 10.1089/lap.2011.0308. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
Improvement in laparoscopic skills requires practicing, and it is mostly beneficial when live animal models are considered for use. Apart from pelvic trainer, dogs and rabbits are used as the animal models for training laparoscopic surgeries at our center. Every effort is made to keep the animals alive after surgery.
From January 2007 to January 2010, German shepherd dogs and Angora rabbits were selected as the animal models for laparoscopic skill training. Under general anesthesia, trainees performed several laparoscopic surgeries under the supervision of experienced surgeons.
A total number of 72 animals including 54 dogs and 18 rabbits were used for training laparoscopy. In total, some 107 different laparoscopic procedures were performed by trainees including nephrectomy, nephropexy, vesicotomy and vesicorrhaphy, vasectomies, spermatic cord ligation, and unilateral oophrectomy. There were one vascular and two visceral injuries in the rabbit model that were laparoscopically controlled, and conversion to open surgery happened in one case due to the failure in extracting the specimen from the abdominal cavity. Three visceral and six vascular injuries occurred in the canine model. Total mortality was five including three rabbits and two dogs.
The sacrifice of the animal is important to be avoided from both ethical and technical stand points. Dogs and rabbits are good models for laparoscopic training in urology, and it is possible to keep the animals alive after surgery by close monitoring. We also found the rabbit to be a good model for practicing infantile laparoscopic surgery, as it simulates the real surgery in this difficult age group.
腹腔镜技术的提高需要练习，而使用活体动物模型进行练习最为有益。除了盆腔训练器外，在我们中心，狗和兔子被用作训练腹腔镜手术的动物模型。术后会尽一切努力使动物存活。
2007年1月至2010年1月，选择德国牧羊犬和安哥拉兔作为腹腔镜技术训练的动物模型。在全身麻醉下，学员们在经验丰富的外科医生的监督下进行了多次腹腔镜手术。
共有72只动物（包括54只狗和18只兔子）用于腹腔镜训练。学员们总共进行了约107种不同的腹腔镜手术，包括肾切除术、肾固定术、膀胱切开术和膀胱缝合术、输精管切除术、精索结扎术和单侧卵巢切除术。在兔模型中有1例血管损伤和2例内脏损伤通过腹腔镜得到控制，1例因腹腔标本取出失败而转为开放手术。犬模型中有3例内脏损伤和6例血管损伤。总死亡数为5只，包括3只兔子和2只狗。
从伦理和技术角度来看，避免动物牺牲都很重要。狗和兔子是泌尿外科腹腔镜训练的良好模型，通过密切监测，术后有可能使动物存活。我们还发现兔子是练习小儿腹腔镜手术的良好模型，因为它模拟了这个困难年龄组的真实手术。
