Pakulski Cezary
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Emergency Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin.
Anestezjol Intens Ter. 2011 Apr-Jun;43(2):113-8.
Sex hormones exert a substantial effect on brain function; their action is determined by the predominance of one hormone group over the remaining ones. Estrogens have indirect and direct neuroprotective effects. The indirect effects involve improved function of the vascular endothelium and increased blood flow through the brain. The direct effects (nervous cells and glia) consist in strong antioxidative properties, maintenance of Ca+2 homeostasis, blockage of activating amino acids, modification of tissue and humoral immune responses and inhibition of activity of immediate early genes. Gestagens, on the other hand, prevent neuronal death, inhibit lipid membrane peroxidation, and promote growth of nervous cells and formation of new synapses. The role of sex hormones within the brain is equally important. However, in cases of brain pathology, protective effects of gestagens seem to be much strongly expressed.
性激素对大脑功能有显著影响；其作用取决于一种激素组相对于其他激素组的优势。雌激素具有间接和直接的神经保护作用。间接作用包括改善血管内皮功能和增加脑部血流量。直接作用（对神经细胞和神经胶质细胞）表现为强大的抗氧化特性、维持钙离子稳态、阻断兴奋性氨基酸、调节组织和体液免疫反应以及抑制即刻早期基因的活性。另一方面，孕激素可预防神经元死亡、抑制脂质膜过氧化，并促进神经细胞生长和新突触形成。性激素在大脑中的作用同样重要。然而，在脑部病变的情况下，孕激素的保护作用似乎表现得更为强烈。
