Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, USA.
J Chem Ecol. 2011 Nov;37(11):1193-202. doi: 10.1007/s10886-011-0028-z. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Outbreaks of bronze birch borer (BBB) (Agrilus anxius), a wood-boring beetle endemic to North America, have been associated with widespread mortality of birch (Betula spp.). There is substantial inter- and intra-specific variation in birch resistance to BBB. Species endemic to North America, such as paper birch (B. papyrifera), have coevolved with BBB and are more resistant than European and Asian birch species, such as European white birch (B. pendula), which lack an evolutionary history with BBB. Borer larvae feed on stem phloem tissue. Therefore, in search of potential resistance mechanisms against BBB, we compared the constitutive phenolic profile of stem phloem tissue of paper birch with that of European white birch. We also analyzed intraspecific variation in phenolic composition among clones and/or half-siblings of both species. Three phenolics (coumaroylquinic acid, betuloside pentoside A, and a diarylheptanoid hexoside) were detected only in paper birch, and concentrations of six other phenolics were significantly higher in paper birch. These differences may contribute to the high resistance of paper birch to BBB relative to European white birch. There was significant intraspecific variation in four of 17 phenolics found in paper birch and in five of 14 found in European white birch, but clones and half-siblings within each species could not be distinguished by phenolic composition using multivariate analysis.
青铜木蠹蛾（BBB）（Agrilus anxius）的爆发，一种原产于北美的蛀木甲虫，与桦树（Betula spp.）的广泛死亡有关。桦树对 BBB 的抵抗力存在很大的种间和种内变异。原产于北美的物种，如纸皮桦（B. papyrifera），与 BBB 共同进化，比欧洲和亚洲的桦树物种，如欧洲白桦（B. pendula）更具有抵抗力，因为后者没有与 BBB 共同进化的历史。蛀虫幼虫以茎韧皮部组织为食。因此，为了寻找对抗 BBB 的潜在抗性机制，我们比较了纸皮桦和欧洲白桦茎韧皮部组织的组成型酚类物质图谱。我们还分析了两个物种的克隆和/或半同胞之间酚类物质组成的种内变异。三种酚类物质（咖啡酰奎宁酸、桦木糖苷戊糖苷 A 和二芳基庚烷糖苷）仅在纸皮桦中检测到，而其他六种酚类物质的浓度在纸皮桦中明显更高。这些差异可能有助于解释纸皮桦对 BBB 的高抗性。在纸皮桦中发现的 17 种酚类物质中有 4 种存在显著的种内变异，在欧洲白桦中发现的 14 种酚类物质中有 5 种存在显著的种内变异，但使用多元分析无法根据酚类物质组成区分每个物种内的克隆和半同胞。
