Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 450 Brookline Avenue, SW-430D, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Curr Oncol Rep. 2012 Feb;14(1):48-54. doi: 10.1007/s11912-011-0203-y.
Brain metastases are one of the most common neurologic complications of cancer. The incidence is 9%-17% based on various studies, although the exact incidence is thought to be higher. The incidence is increasing with the availability of improved imaging techniques which aid early diagnosis, and effective systemic treatment regimens which prolong life, thus allowing cancer to disseminate to the brain. Lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma are the most frequent to develop brain metastases, and account for 67%-80% of all cancers. Most patients with brain metastases have synchronous extracerebral metastases. Some patients present with no known primary cancer diagnosis. In children, brain metastases are rare; germ cell tumors, sarcomas, and neuroblastoma are the common offenders.
脑转移瘤是癌症最常见的神经并发症之一。根据不同的研究，其发生率为 9%-17%，尽管确切的发生率被认为更高。随着改进的成像技术的应用，早期诊断得以实现，有效的全身治疗方案延长了患者的生命，使癌症得以向脑部扩散，从而导致脑转移瘤的发病率上升。肺癌、乳腺癌和黑色素瘤最常发生脑转移，占所有癌症的 67%-80%。大多数脑转移瘤患者同时存在颅外转移。一些患者没有明确的原发性癌症诊断。在儿童中，脑转移瘤很少见；生殖细胞瘤、肉瘤和神经母细胞瘤是常见的罪魁祸首。
