University of Leicester, UK.
J Health Psychol. 1997 Apr;2(2):185-94. doi: 10.1177/135910539700200215.
A health warning was presented to 89 female and 19 male students aged 17-36 years via three modalities or channels of communication: a 'talking head' (video), an audiotape recording (audio) or a printed transcript (print). The verbal content of the message was identical in all three conditions. Participants' free recall, cued recall (recognition) and global recall of the message were then measured. On two separate dependent measures and a combined measure, recall was significantly (p < .005) better in both the audio and print conditions than in the video condition. No significant differences in recall were found between the audio and print conditions. These results, and those of earlier studies of modality effects on recall of information, are discussed in terms of self-pacing and distraction theories.
通过三种沟通方式或渠道（视频、录音和印刷品）向 89 名女性和 19 名 17-36 岁的男性学生展示了一则健康警示。信息的口头内容在所有三种条件下都是相同的。然后测量了参与者对信息的自由回忆、提示回忆（识别）和整体回忆。在两个独立的因变量和一个综合指标上，音频和印刷品条件下的回忆明显（p<.005）优于视频条件。在音频和印刷品条件下的回忆没有发现显著差异。这些结果以及之前关于信息回忆的模态效应的研究结果，根据自我调节和分心理论进行了讨论。
