Hesse Morten
Aarhus University Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research Købmagergade 26E DK-1150 Copenhagen. Email :
Mens Sana Monogr. 2006 Jan;4(1):104-26. doi: 10.4103/0973-1229.27609.
Addiction is compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance. It is accepted as a mental illness in the diagnostic nomenclature and results in substantial health, social and economic problems. In the diagnostic nomenclature, addiction was originally included in the personality disorders along with other behaviours considered deviant. But it is now considered a clinical syndrome. Addiction is multifactorially determined, with substantial genetic influence. The development of addictions is also influenced by environmental factors, and an interplay between the two. In the clinical context, addiction puts problem substance use on the agenda, and helps focus on the difficulties associated with drug use. But the concept of addiction is also used to distance the user from addicts, and in this way, may be counter-therapeutic. The addiction concept has also had a substantial influence on policy. The almost universal prohibition against drugs such as opiates, cocaine, cannabis and amphetamine has much support. But unfortunately, it has not been able to hinder the development of substance use problems. Optimism is fostered by the development of respectful ways of thinking about people with addictions, in particular, from advocates of motivational interviewing.
成瘾是对成瘾性物质的强迫性需求和使用。在诊断术语中，它被视为一种精神疾病，并会导致严重的健康、社会和经济问题。在诊断术语中，成瘾最初与其他被视为异常的行为一起被归入人格障碍。但现在它被视为一种临床综合征。成瘾是由多种因素决定的，有很大的遗传影响。成瘾的发展也受到环境因素以及两者之间相互作用的影响。在临床环境中，成瘾将问题物质使用提上议程，并有助于关注与药物使用相关的困难。但成瘾的概念也被用来将使用者与成瘾者区分开来，从这个角度看，可能会起到反治疗的作用。成瘾概念对政策也产生了重大影响。对鸦片、可卡因、大麻和安非他命等毒品几乎普遍的禁令得到了很多支持。但不幸的是，它未能阻止物质使用问题的发展。对成瘾者采用尊重性思维方式的发展，尤其是动机性访谈倡导者的思维方式，带来了乐观情绪。
