Yajima Ichiro, Kumasaka Mayuko Y, Thang Nguyen Dinh, Goto Yuji, Takeda Kozue, Yamanoshita Osamu, Iida Machiko, Ohgami Nobutaka, Tamura Haruka, Kawamoto Yoshiyuki, Kato Masashi
Unit of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
Dermatol Res Pract. 2012;2012:354191. doi: 10.1155/2012/354191. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is one of the most serious skin cancers and is highly invasive and markedly resistant to conventional therapy. Melanomagenesis is initially triggered by environmental agents including ultraviolet (UV), which induces genetic/epigenetic alterations in the chromosomes of melanocytes. In human melanomas, the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and the PI3K/PTEN/AKT (AKT) signaling pathways are two major signaling pathways and are constitutively activated through genetic alterations. Mutations of RAF, RAS, and PTEN contribute to antiapoptosis, abnormal proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion for melanoma development and progression. To find better approaches to therapies for patients, understanding these MAPK and AKT signaling mechanisms of melanoma development and progression is important. Here, we review MAPK and AKT signaling networks associated with melanoma development and progression.
皮肤恶性黑色素瘤是最严重的皮肤癌之一，具有高度侵袭性，且对传统治疗方法明显耐药。黑色素瘤的发生最初由包括紫外线（UV）在内的环境因素触发，紫外线会诱导黑素细胞染色体发生基因/表观遗传改变。在人类黑色素瘤中，RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK（MAPK）和PI3K/PTEN/AKT（AKT）信号通路是两条主要信号通路，并通过基因改变而持续激活。RAF、RAS和PTEN的突变有助于黑色素瘤的发展和进展过程中的抗凋亡、异常增殖、血管生成和侵袭。为了找到更好的患者治疗方法，了解黑色素瘤发展和进展的这些MAPK和AKT信号机制很重要。在此，我们综述与黑色素瘤发展和进展相关的MAPK和AKT信号网络。
