Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Campus Box 7908, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, USA.
Waste Manag. 2012 Feb;32(2):327-34. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.09.017. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
An assessment of the risk to human health and the environment associated with the presence of organic contaminants (OCs) in landfills necessitates reliable predictive models. The overall objectives of this study were to (1) conduct column experiments to measure the fate and transport of an OC in a simulated solid waste mixture, (2) compare the results of column experiments to model predictions using HYDRUS-1D (version 4.13), a contaminant fate and transport model that can be parameterized to simulate the laboratory experimental system, and (3) determine model input parameters from independently conducted batch experiments. Experiments were conducted in which sorption only and sorption plus biodegradation influenced OC transport. HYDRUS-1D can reasonably simulate the fate and transport of phenol in an anaerobic and fully saturated waste column in which biodegradation and sorption are the prevailing fate processes. The agreement between model predictions and column data was imperfect (i.e., within a factor of two) for the sorption plus biodegradation test and the error almost certainly lies in the difficulty of measuring a biodegradation rate that is applicable to the column conditions. Nevertheless, a biodegradation rate estimate that is within a factor of two or even five may be adequate in the context of a landfill, given the extended retention time and the fact that leachate release will be controlled by the infiltration rate which can be minimized by engineering controls.
评估有机污染物（OCs）在垃圾填埋场中对人类健康和环境的风险需要可靠的预测模型。本研究的总体目标是：(1) 进行柱实验，测量 OC 在模拟固体废物混合物中的归宿和迁移；(2) 使用 HYDRUS-1D（版本 4.13）将柱实验结果与模型预测进行比较，HYDRUS-1D 是一种可以参数化以模拟实验室实验系统的污染物归宿和迁移模型；(3) 从独立进行的批量实验中确定模型输入参数。进行了仅吸附和吸附加生物降解影响 OC 迁移的实验。HYDRUS-1D 可以合理地模拟在厌氧和完全饱和的废物柱中苯酚的归宿和迁移，其中生物降解和吸附是主要的归宿过程。对于吸附加生物降解试验，模型预测与柱数据之间的一致性并不完美（即，在两倍以内），误差几乎肯定在于测量适用于柱条件的生物降解速率的困难。然而，考虑到延长的保留时间以及渗滤液释放将受到可通过工程控制最小化的渗透速率的控制，在垃圾填埋场的情况下，生物降解速率的估计在两倍甚至五倍以内可能是足够的。
