Department of Pediatrics, University of Pavia, Italy.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2011 Jul-Sep;24(3 Suppl):S61-8. doi: 10.1177/03946320110240s309.
Anesthesia may often be considered as a high-risk procedure and anaphylaxis remains a major cause of concern for anesthetists who routinely administer many potentially allergenic agents. Neuromuscular blocking agents, latex and antibiotics are the substances involved in most of the reported reactions. Besides these three agents, a wide variety of substances may cause an anaphylactic reaction during anesthesia. Basically all the administered drugs or substances may be potential causes of anaphylaxis. Among them, those reported the most in literature include hypnotics, opioids, local anesthetics, colloids, dye, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM), antiseptics, aprotinin, ethylene oxyde and formaldehyde, and protamine and heparins. No premedication can effectively prevent an allergic reaction and a systematic preoperative screening is not justified for all patients; nevertheless, an allergy specialist should evaluate those patients with a history of anesthesia-related allergy. Patients must be fully informed of investigation results, and advised to provide a detailed report prior to future anesthesia.
麻醉通常被认为是一种高风险的程序，过敏反应仍然是麻醉师关注的主要问题，因为他们经常使用许多潜在的过敏原。神经肌肉阻滞剂、乳胶和抗生素是大多数报告的反应涉及的物质。除了这三种物质外，在麻醉期间还可能有多种物质引起过敏反应。基本上，所有给予的药物或物质都可能成为过敏反应的潜在原因。其中，文献报道最多的包括催眠药、阿片类药物、局部麻醉剂、胶体、染料、非甾体抗炎药 (NSAIDs)、碘造影剂 (ICM)、防腐剂、抑肽酶、环氧乙烷和甲醛以及鱼精蛋白和肝素。没有术前用药可以有效地预防过敏反应，也没有理由对所有患者进行系统的术前筛查；然而，过敏症专家应该评估那些有麻醉相关过敏史的患者。必须将调查结果充分告知患者，并建议他们在未来进行麻醉前提供详细报告。
