Department of Pediatrics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2011 Jul-Sep;24(3 Suppl):S101-4. doi: 10.1177/03946320110240s314.
Perioperative allergic reactions manifest in various ways. The majority of systemic reactions occur during anesthesia within minutes of intravenous induction; however, agents which are administered via other routes may cause reactions after more than 15 minutes. Anaphylaxis during anesthesia may present in many different ways and the signs and symptoms, which do not vary from those of anaphylactic reactions in general, may be masked by hypovolemia, light, deep anesthesia or extensive regional blockade. Recommendations for treatment are based on available evidence in the literature. A treatment algorithm is suggested, with emphasis on the incremental titration of adrenaline and fluid therapy as first-line treatment. Increased focus on this subject will hopefully lead to prompt diagnosis and rapid, correct treatment.
围手术期过敏反应表现形式多样。大多数全身性反应发生在静脉诱导麻醉后的数分钟内；然而，通过其他途径给予的药物可能在 15 分钟后引起反应。麻醉期间发生的过敏反应可能有多种表现方式，其体征和症状与一般过敏反应并无不同，可能被低血容量、轻度、深度麻醉或广泛的区域阻滞所掩盖。治疗建议基于文献中的现有证据。建议采用治疗算法，强调肾上腺素和液体疗法的逐步滴定作为一线治疗。增加对这一主题的关注有望实现快速、准确的诊断和治疗。
