Coutinho Daniel, Vieira Duarte Nuno, Teixeira Helena M
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra.
Acta Med Port. 2011 May-Jun;24(3):431-8. Epub 2011 Aug 12.
Benzodiazepines are drugs usually used in anxiety disorders, dyssomnias, convulsions, muscle disorders, alcohol and other drugs detoxification, as well as in preoperative sedation/amnesia. Moreover, antidepressants are mainly indicated in depression and as co-therapeutic drugs in other psychiatric disorders. The use of benzodiazepines and antidepressants is associated with some health and public safety problems. Decreased of attention, concentration, reflexes, visual capacity, motor coordination and reasoning, associated with increased reaction time and lack of awareness of driving impairment among these drug users, contributes to the increased risk on traffic safety linked with these drugs. This risk may further increase with non-compliance of medical prescription, drug abuse or concomitant use of alcohol. The relationship between the use of psychoactive drugs and road traffic safety is, however, an extremely complex subject and has a primordial importance in the clarification of the role of benzodiazepine and antidepressant effects on driving skills. The prevention of driving under the influence of these drugs depends on the awareness, among doctors, of the risks associated with their use. Thus, the consciousness of medical prescription, as well as providing clear information to patients is extremely important.
苯二氮䓬类药物通常用于治疗焦虑症、失眠症、惊厥、肌肉疾病、酒精及其他药物戒断，以及术前镇静/失忆。此外，抗抑郁药主要用于治疗抑郁症，并作为其他精神疾病的辅助治疗药物。苯二氮䓬类药物和抗抑郁药的使用与一些健康和公共安全问题相关。这些药物使用者注意力、专注力、反射、视觉能力、运动协调性和推理能力下降，反应时间延长且对驾驶能力受损缺乏认知，导致与这些药物相关的交通安全风险增加。若不遵守医嘱、药物滥用或同时饮酒，这种风险可能会进一步增加。然而，精神活性药物的使用与道路交通安全之间的关系是一个极其复杂的问题，对于阐明苯二氮䓬类药物和抗抑郁药对驾驶技能的影响作用至关重要。预防在这些药物影响下驾驶取决于医生对其使用相关风险的认识。因此，开具医嘱时的谨慎以及向患者提供明确信息极为重要。
