Sperlich S, Illiger K, Geyer S
Medizinische Soziologie, OE 5420, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2011 Nov;54(11):1211-20. doi: 10.1007/s00103-011-1358-2.
Using a cross-sectional population sample of 3,129 women with minor children, this paper analyzes the impact of social and psychological factors on maternal smoking. Pearson's χ(2) was used for testing significance of differences between smoking prevalence and social as well as psychological factors. Adjusted effects of these factors were calculated by means of multiple logistic regression analysis. About 30% of mothers smoked daily and about 11% were heavy smokers ( ≥ 20 cigarettes/day). Lower educational degree was the most important predictor for daily tobacco consumption. But also fulltime employment, low income, distress due to conflicts with (former) partner, job-related burdens, and single motherhood enhanced the risk of maternal smoking, while household-related stress and having a young child was associated with less tobacco use. With respect to personal factors, dysfunctional coping patterns and depression showed a significant impact on tobacco use. Against expectations, active coping styles were not associated with lower but with increased smoking rates. In conclusion, it can be stated that maternal smoking has multiple causes, and that intervention programs should target both current living circumstances and psychological factors.
本文以3129名育有未成年子女的女性为横断面人群样本，分析了社会和心理因素对母亲吸烟的影响。采用Pearson卡方检验来检验吸烟率与社会及心理因素之间差异的显著性。通过多元逻辑回归分析计算这些因素的调整效应。约30%的母亲每天吸烟，约11%为重度吸烟者（每天≥20支香烟）。较低的教育程度是每日烟草消费的最重要预测因素。但全职工作、低收入、与（前）伴侣冲突导致的困扰、工作相关负担以及单身母亲身份也增加了母亲吸烟的风险，而家庭相关压力和育有幼儿则与较少吸烟有关。就个人因素而言，功能失调的应对方式和抑郁对吸烟有显著影响。与预期相反，积极的应对方式与较低的吸烟率无关，反而与吸烟率增加有关。总之，可以说母亲吸烟有多种原因，干预项目应针对当前的生活状况和心理因素。
