Gpnmb/osteoactivin, an attractive target in cancer immunotherapy.

Cancer is a complex disease with interactions between normal and neoplastic cells. Since current therapies for cancer largely rely on drugs or radiation that kill dividing cells or block cell division, these treatments may have severe side effects on normal proliferating cells in patients with cancer. Recently, immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer therapy, by which monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) target tumor specific antigens, have shown great potential. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B(Gpnmb)/Osteoactivin (OA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in various types of cancer. Gpnmb/OA promotes the migration, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. CR 011-vcMMAE is a Mab-drug conjugate being developed for the treatment of Gpnmb/OA-expressing cancers. Gpnmb/OA represents an attractive target in cancer immunotherapy and CR011-vcMMAE holds promise as a reagent in targeted therapy for Gpnmb/OA-expressing malignancies.