Department of Geography, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2012;22(2):165-83. doi: 10.1080/09603123.2011.628643. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
Recent environmental justice studies have emphasized the growing need to analyze the health impacts of disproportionate exposure to multiple pollution sources and incorporate geostatistical techniques that are suitable for analyzing spatial data. These objectives are addressed in a case study that evaluates spatial and social inequities in potential cancer risk from inhalation exposure to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from four types of emission sources in the Tampa Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area, Florida. This study utilizes modeled estimates of lifetime cancer risk from the 1999 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment and socio-demographic data from the 2000 US Census. Statistical analyses are based on conventional multiple regression and locally derived spatial regression models that account for residual autocorrelation. Race, ethnicity, and home ownership are found to be significant predictors of cancer risk from ambient exposure to all four HAP source categories, after controlling for other relevant explanatory factors and spatial dependence in the data.
近年来，环境正义研究强调了分析因过度暴露于多种污染源而导致的健康影响的必要性，并采用适合分析空间数据的地统计学技术。本案例研究针对佛罗里达州坦帕湾都会统计区（Tampa Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area）内，来自四种污染源的有害空气污染物（Hazardous Air Pollutants，HAPs）吸入性暴露所致潜在癌症风险的空间和社会不平等问题进行了评估。该研究运用了 1999 年全国性空气毒物评估（National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment）中的终生癌症风险模型估算值，以及 2000 年美国人口普查（US Census）中的社会人口数据。统计分析基于传统的多元回归和局部推导的空间回归模型，考虑了数据中的残差自相关性。在控制了其他相关解释因素和数据中的空间依赖性后，研究发现，在所有四个 HAP 源类别中，种族、民族和住房所有权是环境暴露致癌症风险的重要预测因子。
